We keep discovering strange things in the Universe and the following stars kind of tops them all for their weird properties.
Inside our own Milky Way we find stars of various colors, sizes and ages. It’s no longer so out of the ordinary for a star to have an extended atmosphere, but for a star to have metal clouds, it is.
Meet HE 2359-2844 and HE 1256-2738, a binary star system (it remains unclear if they really are in a binary system) located 1000 ly away from Earth in the Sculptor Constellation, discovered in 2010 by astronomers Naslim Neelamkodan, Simon Jeffery, Natalie Behara and Alan Hibbert. These hot subdwarfs are remnants of red giants that have lost their outer layers of hydrogen gas, resulting in white dwarfs still covered by a thick layer of helium gas, seventy times brighter than our Sun. The surface temperature of HE 2359-2844 is 38.000 C, that’s almost 8 times the surface temperature of the Sun. HE 2359-2844 is not just a subdwarf but a heavy metal subdwarf. Yeah, I know, it also listens to Metallica, disturbing half of the galaxy!
What’s weird about this particular star and its companion is the (almost) inexplicable atmosphere rich in clouds of lead. In fact, HE 2359-2844 alone has 10.000 more lead than the Sun and 10.000 times more yttrium and zirconium than our star. If we picture these metal clouds the same way we see our water vapor clouds on Earth, we’re wrong. These are enormous 100km thick super dense clouds, weighing up to hundreds of billions of metric tons each.
Where are these stars heading and how exactly will they die? No one knows yet. They are dying stars, that’s for sure, but there is still no logical explanation to why and how it’s even possible for them to be covered in these thick layers of metallic blueish-violet clouds. – Roman Alexander



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